World War II Homefront Era: 1940s: The Port Chicago Incident
Of the 50 black sailors convicted of mutiny, as of 2003 only Freddie Meeks had received a presidential pardon for his conviction. These are the only 50 cases of a full Navy court-martial convicting sailors of mutiny since 1850. This photo shows the emotional response of Perey Robinson of Los Angeles during the dedication of a memorial chapel. Despite emotional events like this, 49 of the convictions remain.